Clinical observations indicate that the paramedian region of the thalamus is a critical node
for controlling wakefulness. However, the specific nucleus and neural circuitry for this …

Inactivation experiments in auditory cortex (AC) produce widely varying results that
complicate interpretations regarding the precise role of AC in auditory perception and …

Predictive coding theories argue that deviance detection phenomena, such as mismatch
responses and omission responses, are generated by predictive processes with possibly …

Neurostimulant drugs or magnetic/electrical stimulation techniques can overcome attention
deficits, but these drugs or techniques are weakly beneficial in boosting the learning …

Memory persistence is a fundamental cognitive process for guiding behaviors and is
considered to rely mostly on neuronal and synaptic plasticity. Whether and how astrocytes …

Hypersomnolence disorder (HD) is characterized by excessive sleep, which is a common
sequela following stroke, infection, or tumorigenesis. HD is traditionally thought to be …

Prediction provides key advantages for survival, and cognitive studies have demonstrated
that the brain computes multilevel predictions. Evidence for predictions remains elusive at …

The sensory responses of cortical neuronal populations following training have been
extensively studied. However, the spike firing properties of individual cortical neurons …

Urination (also called micturition) is thought to be regulated by a neural network that is
distributed in both subcortical and cortical regions. Previously, urination-related neurons …

Primary sensory cortices respond to crossmodal stimuli—for example, auditory responses
are found in primary visual cortex (V1). However, it remains unclear whether these …