Interest in the multiple facets of optical vortices has flourished in the last three decades. This
review examines the basic research and applications of the interplay between optical …

Optical activity is conventionally understood as a natural difference in the optical responses
of chiral materials with opposite handedness. It stems from the quantised spin angular …

Major advances in X-ray sources including the development of circularly polarized and
orbital angular momentum pulses make it possible to probe matter chirality at …

Today we are witnessing the electric–dipole revolution in chiral measurements. Here we
reflect on its lessons and outcomes, such as the perspective on chiral measurements using …

Ultrashort laser pulses are unique tools to trigger and probe the fastest charge dynamics in
matter, allowing the investigation of fundamental physical phenomena with unprecedented …

Elementary events that determine photochemical outcomes and molecular functionalities
happen on the femtosecond and subfemtosecond timescales. Among the most ubiquitous …

There is increasing interest in the study of chiral degrees of freedom occurring in matter and
in electromagnetic fields. Opportunities in quantum sciences will likely exploit two main …

Light carries intrinsic spin angular momentum (SAM) when the electric or magnetic field
vector rotates over time. A familiar vector equation calculates the direction of light's SAM …

Abstract Short wavelength Free-Electron Lasers (FELs) are among the newest light sources
available to scientists to probe a wide range of phenomena, with chemical, physical and …

Recently, a variety of mechanisms have been discovered that extend the range of optical
techniques for identifying and characterizing molecular chirality, beyond those associated …