Emotionally significant experiences tend to be well remembered, and the amygdala has a
pivotal role in this process. But the efficient encoding of emotional memories can become …

▪ Abstract Converging findings of animal and human studies provide compelling evidence
that the amygdala is critically involved in enabling us to acquire and retain lasting memories …

Current models of conditioned fear expression and extinction involve the basolateral
amygdala (BLA), ventral medial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), and the hippocampus (HPC) …

Abstract Lynch, MA. Long-Term Potentiation and Memory. Physiol Rev 84: 87–136, 2004;
10.1152/physrev. 00014.2003.—One of the most significant challenges in neuroscience is to …

OBJECTIVE: Most research on the effects of severe psychological stress has focused on
stress-related psychopathology. Here, the author develops psychobiological models of …

▪ Abstract Learning the relationships between aversive events and the environmental stimuli
that predict such events is essential to the survival of organisms throughout the animal …

Our memories are not all created equally strong: Some experiences are well remembered
while others are remembered poorly, if at all. Research on memory modulation investigates …

Objective: Increased amygdala reactivity during processing of certain types of emotional
stimuli (eg, fear, anger) has been observed in patients with anxiety disorders such as social …

Memory is often considered to be a process that has several stages, including acquisition,
consolidation and retrieval. Memory can be modified further through reconsolidation and …

Contemporary neuroscientists have available a vast arsenal of tools for understanding brain
functions, from the level of anatomical systems to the level of molecules. Localization of …