Thyroid disorders are prevalent in pregnant women. Furthermore, thyroid hormone has a
critical role in fetal development and thyroid dysfunction can adversely affect obstetric …

Thyroid autoimmunity (TAI) is commonly defined as the presence of thyroperoxidase
antibodies (TPOAbs) and/or thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAbs), which predisposes an …

Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is a common autoimmune disorder, affecting women 7–10 times
more often than men, that develops because of genetic susceptibility, X chromosome …

Hypothyroidism is a relatively common finding during pregnancy. This may be due either to
the presence of existing thyroid disease and/or to the increased demands that pregnancy …

Background Women positive for thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO-Ab) have a higher risk
of recurrent pregnancy loss. Evidence on whether levothyroxine treatment improves …

Background: Subclinical hypothyroidism, defined by elevated thyrotropin (TSH) and normal
free thyroxine levels, is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preterm …

Thyroid hormone plays an important role in the process of implantation of a fertilized egg in
the endometrium, as well as in the division and development of the fertilized egg. In addition …

Hypothyroidism is a systemic hypometabolic syndrome caused by the thyroxine resistance
or a reduction in its extent. It is an endocrinopathy secondary to gestational diabetes and …

This guideline defines Recurrent early pregnancy loss as Recurrent Early Pregnancy Loss
(REPL) as two or more losses that occur before 10 weeks gestational age and includes non …

Undertreatment of maternal hypothyroidism may increase risks for adverse maternofetal and
offspring effects more than overtreatment does. If thyroid hormone replacement therapy is …