With the success of the GATT/WTO in reducing conventional tariff barriers, much of the
recent focus of both regional and multilateral trade agreements has switched to nontariff …

Abstract Technical Barriers to Trade (TBTs) present a major challenge to exporters and
policymakers. Prior studies have shown that TBTs induce the exit of exporters, but little is …

This paper seeks to estimate how the impact of nontariff measures (NTMs) on trade can vary
across exporter–importer pairs. Covering data for the early 2000s, regressions are run at a …

Abstract Stringent Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) are expected to drive exporters out of
the markets imposing these hurdles. In addition, more able multi-destination exporters can …

In recent years, the imposition of Non-Tariff Measures (NTMs) has increased rapidly both in
quantity and importance. This development, with its considerable economic impact …

This research studies the impacts of technical barriers to trade (TBT) on trade performance
of 103 countries over the period 1995–2008. The paper analyzes how TBT influences the …

Regulatory non-tariff measures (NTMs), such as technical barriers to trade (TBTs) and
sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures, have frequently been imposed to regulate the …

In this paper, we develop the additional compliance requirement indicator (ACRI) to quantify
the extra regulatory requirements that an exporter may face when serving the foreign …

In the past few decades, China has put substantial efforts into liberalising its trade and
economy that accelerated after its accession to the World Trade Organisation (WTO) in …

The paper examines the impact of Technical Barriers to Trade on firms' exports in Egypt over
the period 2005~ 2011. Firm-level data for Egypt are combined with the WTO's TBT-specific …