Gastrointestinal colic is the most common primary care equine emergency 1 and affects
nearly one of four horses per year. 2 Colic is a significant welfare concern for equine …

The non-selective activation of central and peripheral opioid receptors is a major
shortcoming of currently available opioids. Targeting peripheral opioid receptors is a …

Simple Summary When considering sedation or general anaesthesia in horses, a
multimodal strategy is commonly preferred over a single drug. This includes the association …

Simple Summary Despite the growing interest in donkey's welfare, there is little scientific
evidence in this species about the analgesic effect of the drugs most used in horses. Total …

Anesthetizing a horse for colic surgery represents a challenge for the veterinary anesthetist.
While the basic principles of equine anesthesia remain, certain complications are more …

Objective To determine synovial butorphanol concentrations and mechanical nociceptive
threshold (MNT) changes after butorphanol intravenous regional limb perfusion (IVRLP) …

Background The inclusion of dexmedetomidine (DEX) within a balanced general
anaesthesia protocol is effective in improving the clinical outcome and recovery quality of …

Objectives To determine the physiologic and behavioral effects and pharmacokinetic profile
of hydromorphone administered intravenously (IV) to horses. Study design Prospective …

The pharmacokinetics of butorphanol after intravenous (IVB) and intramuscular (IMB)
administration in donkeys were determined in this preliminary study. Healthy male gelded …

Objective To determine the influence of epidural detomidine and morphine on serum
corticosteroid concentrations and pain‐related behavioral responses in mares during and …