Cell walls are essential for plant growth and development, providing support and protection
from external environments. Callose is a glucan that accumulates in specialized cell wall …

Gall-inducing insects are iconic examples in the manipulation and reprogramming of plant
development, inducing spectacular morphological and physiological changes of host-plant …

Sedentary endoparasitic nematodes, such as root-knot nematodes (RKN; Meloidogyne spp.)
and cyst nematodes (CN; Heterodera spp. and Globodera spp.) cause considerable …

Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) are ubiquitous parasites with an amazing capacity to interact
with a very large variety of plant species. They are sedentary endoparasitic nematodes that …

Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) are notorious plant-parasitic nematodes first recorded in 1855
in cucumber plants. They are microscopic, obligate endoparasites that cause severe losses …

Clubroot, caused by the obligate parasite Plasmodiophora brassicae, is an important
disease of the Brassicaceae and poses a significant threat to the $26.7 billion …

Galls are neoformed structures induced by specific animals, fungi, bacteria, virus or some
parasitic plants on their host plant organs. Developmental processes are well known in …

Summary Root‐knot nematodes (RKNs; Meloidogyne spp.) are plant parasites with a broad
host range causing great losses worldwide. To parasitize their hosts, RKNs establish …

Clearing techniques eliminate factors that interfere with microscopic observation, including
light scattering and absorption by pigments and cytoplasmic components. The techniques …

Plants interact with enormous biotic and abiotic components within ecosystem. For instance,
microbes, insects, herbivores, animals, nematodes etc. In general, these interactions are …