In the development of central nervous system (CNS) drugs, the blood–brain barrier (BBB)
restricts many drugs from entering the brain to exert therapeutic effects. Although many …

Introduction: Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors improve signaling pathways in brain
circuits by increasing intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and/or cyclic …

Although rates of protein degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPS) are
determined by their rates of ubiquitination, we show here that the proteasome's capacity to …

Introduction Alzheimer's disease is the most common dementia with clinical and
pathological heterogeneity. Cuproptosis is a recently reported form of cell death, which …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system
(CNS) characterized by focal inflammatory lesions and prominent demyelination. Even …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia among the elderly. In AD
patients, memory loss is accompanied by the formation of beta-amyloid plaques and the …

Phosphodiesterases (PDE) are a diverse family of enzymes (11 isoforms so far identified)
responsible for the degradation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic …

Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDE-Is) enhance cAMP and/or cGMP signaling via reducing
the degradation of these cyclic nucleotides. Since both cAMP and cGMP signaling are …

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) specifically hydrolyzes cyclic adenosine
monophosphate (cAMP) and plays vital roles in biological processes such as cancer …

Therapeutic attempts to cure Alzheimer's disease (AD) have failed, and new strategies are
desperately needed. Motivated by this reality, many laboratories (including our own) have …