The science of effective learning with spacing and retrieval practice

SK Carpenter, SC Pan, AC Butler - Nature Reviews Psychology, 2022 - nature.com
Research on the psychology of learning has highlighted straightforward ways of enhancing
learning. However, effective learning strategies are underused by learners. In this Review …

Self-regulated second language learning: A review of types and benefits of strategies, modes of teacher support, and pedagogical implications

R Zhang, D Zou - Computer Assisted Language Learning, 2024 - Taylor & Francis
Self-regulated learning has been frequently investigated and reported to be effective for
second language education, so increasingly more researchers and educators have been …

[HTML][HTML] Fostering effective learning strategies in higher education–a mixed-methods study

F Biwer, MGA oude Egbrink, P Aalten… - Journal of Applied …, 2020 - Elsevier
Cognitive psychological research from the last decades has shown that learning strategies
that create desirable difficulties during learning, eg, practice testing, are most effective for …

Metacognition about practice testing: A review of learners' beliefs, monitoring, and control of test-enhanced learning

ML Rivers - Educational Psychology Review, 2021 - Springer
Over a century of research has established practice testing as a highly robust learning
strategy that promotes long-term retention. However, learners do not always appreciate the …

Perceiving effort as poor learning: The misinterpreted-effort hypothesis of how experienced effort and perceived learning relate to study strategy choice

A Kirk-Johnson, BM Galla, SH Fraundorf - Cognitive psychology, 2019 - Elsevier
How do learners make decisions about how, what, and when to study, and why are their
decisions sometimes ineffective for learning? In three studies, learners experienced a pair of …

[HTML][HTML] Constructive retrieval: Benefits for learning, motivation, and metacognitive monitoring

T Endres, S Carpenter, A Renkl - Learning and Instruction, 2024 - Elsevier
Aims We tested whether combining constructive learning prompts with retrieval practice
(constructive retrieval) positively affects delayed learning outcomes (factual knowledge …

Students' use of retrieval in self-regulated learning: Implications for monitoring and regulating effortful learning experiences

SK Carpenter, T Endres, L Hui - Educational Psychology Review, 2020 - Springer
Retrieval practice has been widely studied as an effective strategy for enhancing memory. In
this review article, we discuss how its effects on learning complex problem-solving …

Encouraging students to use retrieval practice: A review of emerging research from five types of interventions

SK Carpenter - Educational Psychology Review, 2023 - Springer
Over 100 years of research shows that retrieval practice is highly effective for enhancing
student learning. When managing their own study behaviors, however, students tend to …

Simple yet wise? Students' creative engagement benefits from a daily intervention.

A Zielińska, I Lebuda, M Karwowski - Translational Issues in …, 2022 - psycnet.apa.org
Is it possible to strengthen students' engagement in creative activities using simple everyday
tasks focused on creative thinking, self-efficacy, or valuing creativity? The present article …

An interdisciplinary review of self-regulation of learning: Bridging cognitive and educational psychology perspectives

Y Kim, CD Zepeda, AC Butler - Educational Psychology Review, 2023 - Springer
Understanding how students self-regulate their learning experiences has been at the
forefront of many empirical and theoretical advances in both cognitive and educational …