Reproduction in mammals is an extremely energy-intensive process and is therefore tightly
controlled by the body's energy status. Changes in the nutritional status of the body cause …

Stress is defined as a disruption of the body homeostasis in response to modest as well as
perceived challenge. Two main physiological routes, the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal …

Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) was the first reported hypothalamic neuropeptide
inhibiting reproduction in vertebrates. Since its discovery in the quail brain, its orthologs …

Introduction: Postweaning social isolation (PWSI) in rodents is an advanced psychosocial
stress model in early life. Some psychosocial stress, such as restrain and isolation, disrupts …

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons are the final output pathway for the brain
control of reproduction. The activity of this neuronal population, mainly located at the …

Background Male infertility is a worldwide population health concern, but its etiology
remains poorly understood. Tortoise-shell glue (TSG) is widely utilized as a pharmaceutical …

In cooperatively breeding species, socially dominant individuals monopolize reproduction,
while subordinate individuals experience anything from lower rates of reproductive success …

Background An increase in the temperature of the testis is associated with damage to the
epithelium of seminiferous tubules and disruption of sperm production. Objective The current …

The RFamide peptide family is a group of proteins that share a common C-terminal arginine–
phenylalanine–amide motif. To date, the family comprises five groups in mammals …

Maternal separation can have long-lasting effects on an individual's susceptibility to stress
later in life. Maternal separation during the postnatal period is a commonly used paradigm in …