Bacteria are the most prevalent form of microorganisms and are classified into two
categories based on their mode of existence: intracellular and extracellular. While most …

S-layers are self-assembled crystalline 2D lattices enclosing the cell envelopes of several
bacteria and archaea. Despite their abundance, the landscape of S-layer structure and …

Bacillus anthracis is a spore-forming gram-positive bacterium responsible for anthrax, an
infectious disease with a high mortality rate and a target of concern due to bioterrorism and …

The Gram-positive spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis is the causative agent of
anthrax, a deadly disease mostly affecting wildlife and livestock, as well as representing a …

In bacteria, as in other microorganisms, surface compounds interact with different pattern
recognition receptors expressed by host cells, which usually triggers a variety of cellular …

Protein phosphorylation is a universal mechanism regulating a wide range of cellular
responses across all domains of life. The antagonistic activities of kinases and …

Bacteriophages such as γ and AP50c have been shown to infect strains of Bacillus anthracis
with high specificity, and this feature has been exploited in the development of bacterial …

Infectious diseases continue to pose significant global health challenges. In addition to the
enduring burdens of ailments like malaria and HIV, the emergence of nosocomial outbreaks …

As technology continues to evolve, the possibility for a wide range of dangers to people,
organizations, and countries escalate globally. The United States federal government …

Many prokaryotes are covered by a two-dimensional array of proteinaceous subunits. This
surface layers (S-layer) is incompletely characterized for many microorganisms. Here, we …