Drug delivery through the skin offers many advantages such as avoidance of hepatic first-
pass metabolism, maintenance of steady plasma concentration, safety, and compliance over …

In recent years, an innovative transdermal delivery technology has attracted great interest for
its ability to distribute therapeutics and cosmeceuticals for several applications, including …

Background Microneedle patches provide an alternative to conventional needle-and-syringe
immunisation, and potentially offer improved immunogenicity, simplicity, cost-effectiveness …

Microneedle patches (MNPs) contain arrays of solid needles measuring hundreds of
microns in length that deliver drugs and vaccines into skin in a painless, easy-to-use …

Transdermal delivery provides numerous benefits over conventional routes of
administration. However, this strategy is generally limited to a few molecules with specific …

Millions of people die of infectious diseases each year, mostly in developing countries,
which could largely be prevented by the use of vaccines. While immunization rates have …

Vaccines are an essential component of pandemic preparedness but can be limited due to
challenges in production and logistical implementation. While vaccine candidates were …

Despite vaccination representing one of the greatest advances of modern preventative
medicine, there remain significant challenges in vaccine distribution, delivery and …

As vaccine formulations have progressed from including live or attenuated strains of
pathogenic components for enhanced safety, developing new adjuvants to more effectively …

Numerous diseases have been reported to affect the lymphatic system. As such, several
strategies have been developed to deliver chemotherapeutics to this specific network of …