Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is the prototypic pro-inflammatory cytokine. It is central to host
defense and inflammatory responses but under certain circumstances also triggers cell …

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) is a proinflammatory cytokine that exerts both
homeostatic and pathophysiological roles in the central nervous system. In pathological …

The mammalian ionotropic glutamate receptor family encodes 18 gene products that
coassemble to form ligand-gated ion channels containing an agonist recognition site, a …

The proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) causes a rapid exocytosis of
AMPA receptors in hippocampal pyramidal cells and is constitutively required for the …

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a pleiotropic cytokine powerfully influencing diverse
processes of the central nervous system (CNS) under both physiological and pathological …

Sleep is vital to cognitive performance, productivity, health and well-being. Earlier theories of
sleep presumed that it occurred at the level of the whole organism and that it was governed …

Glutamate and the proinflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), have been
suggested to contribute to neurodegenerative diseases. We investigated the interaction of …

Ischemic stroke is characterized by the disruption of cerebral blood flow (CBF). This
reduction of CBF results in energy failure and secondary biochemical disturbances, eliciting …

Development of analgesic tolerance and withdrawal-induced pain enhancement present
serious difficulties for the use of opioids for pain control. Although neuronal mechanisms to …

NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO), the regulatory subunit of the IκB kinase (IKK) that
activates NF-κB, is essential for NF-κB activation [1]. NEMO was recently found to contain a …