The adenosine modulation system mostly operates through inhibitory A1 (A1R) and
facilitatory A2A receptors (A2AR) in the brain. The activity‐dependent release of adenosine …

Polyphenols are an important class of phytochemicals, and several lines of evidence have
demonstrated their beneficial effects in the context of a number of pathologies including …

Caffeine causes most of its biological effects via antagonizing all types of adenosine
receptors (ARs): A1, A2A, A3, and A2B and, as does adenosine, exerts effects on neurons …

This review is focused on purinergic neurotransmission, ie, ATP released from nerves as a
transmitter or cotransmitter to act as an extracellular signaling molecule on both pre-and …

Activity-dependent release of ATP from synapses, axons and glia activates purinergic
membrane receptors that modulate intracellular calcium and cyclic AMP. This enables glia to …

Adenosine acts in parallel as a neuromodulator and as a homeostatic modulator in the
central nervous system. Its neuromodulatory role relies on a balanced activation of inhibitory …

A. Cellular and Subcellular Localization B. Pharmacological Tools to Study Adenosine
Receptors C. Signaling Via Adenosine Receptors D. Regulation of Receptor Expression and …

Neurotrophic factors are essential contributors to the survival of peripheral and central
nervous system (CNS) neurons, and demonstration of their reduced availability in diseased …

Adenosine is a neuromodulator that operates via the most abundant inhibitory adenosine A
1 receptors (A 1 Rs) and the less abundant, but widespread, facilitatory A 2A Rs. It is …

Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by
impairments of cognitive function as a result of synaptic deficits and neuronal loss, is …