The innate immune system is the oldest protection strategy that is conserved across all
organisms. Although having an unspecific action, it is the first and fastest defense …

Breastfeeding is associated with long-term wellbeing including low risks of infectious
diseases and non-communicable diseases such as asthma, cancer, autoimmune diseases …

Human milk is a complex fluid that has developed to satisfy the nutritional requirements of
infants. In addition to proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and other biologically active …

Breast milk contains immunomodulating components that are beneficial to newborns during
maturation of their immune system. Human breast milk composition is influenced by an …

Macrophages are involved in immune defense, organogenesis and tissue homeostasis.
Macrophages contribute to the different phases of mammary gland remodeling during …

Breast milk is not only a completely adapted nutrition source for the newborn but also an
impressive array of immune‐active molecules that afford protection against infections and …

Breast milk contains several macromolecular components with distinctive functions, whereby
milk fat globules and casein micelles mainly provide nutrition to the newborn, and whey …

The gut is a pivotal organ in health and disease. The events that take place in the gut during
early life contribute to the programming, shaping and tuning of distant organs, having …

During pregnancy the human fetus receives timed cues from the circadian rhythms of
temperature, metabolites, and hormones from the mother. This influence is interrupted after …

The fetal immune system develops in a rather sterile environment relative to the outside
world and, therefore, lacks antigenic education. Soon after birth, the newborn is exposed to …