With the adoption of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART), most HIV-infected individuals
in care are on five or more medications and at risk of harm from polypharmacy, a risk that …

Abstract Purpose of Review This article reviews recent epidemiologic trends in HIV and
hepatitis C virus (HCV) and strategies for treatment and prevention of these infections as …

Background: High opioid dosage has been associated with overdose, and clinical
guidelines have cautioned against escalating dosages above 100 morphine-equivalent mg …

Background Substance use disorders (SUDs), which encompass alcohol and drug use
disorders (AUDs, DUDs), constitute a major public health challenge among US veterans …

Importance Some opioids are known immunosuppressants; however, the association of
prescribed opioids with clinically relevant immune-related outcomes is understudied …

Introduction: Substance abuse is a common problem among HIV-infected individuals.
Importantly, addictions as well as moderate use of alcohol, smoking, or other illicit drugs …

Background: HIV-positive individuals (HIV+) on antiretrovirals commonly take enough other
medications to cross a threshold for polypharmacy but little is known about associated …

Aims To estimate the influence of non‐medical use of prescription opioids (NMUPO) on
heroin initiation among US veterans receiving medical care. Design Using a multivariable …

Background Among patients prescribed long-term opioid therapy (LTOT) for chronic pain, no
study has yet examined how clinicians respond to evidence of illicit drug use and whether …

Objective As the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy, HIV has become a chronic
disease for most individuals in developed countries. Chronic pain is a common occurrence …