Dermacentor reticulatus is a hard tick species with extraordinary biological features. It has a
high reproduction rate, a rapid developmental cycle, and is also able to overcome years of …

There is now considerable evidence that in Europe, babesiosis is an emerging infectious
disease, with some of the causative species spreading as a consequence of the increasing …

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is an important arbovirus, which is found across large
parts of Eurasia and is considered to be a major health risk for humans. Like any other …

Background Babesiosis is a parasitic vector-borne disease of increasing public health
importance. Since the first human case was reported in 1957, zoonotic species have been …

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV; family Flaviviridae) is the most medically important tick-
borne virus in Europe and Asia. Ixodes ricinus and I. persulcatus ticks are considered to be …

Background The significance of tick-borne diseases has increased considerably in recent
years. Because of the unique distribution of the tick species Dermacentor reticulatus in …

Mesocarnivores are small-or mid-sized carnivore species that display a variety of ecologies
and behaviours. In Europe, wild mesocarnivores are represented by the red fox (Vulpes …

Occurrence of co-infections with various pathogens in ixodid ticks creates a risk of increased
severity of tick-borne diseases in humans and animals exposed to bite of the ticks carrying …

Background Babesia spp. are protozoan parasites of great medical and veterinary
importance, especially in the northern Hemisphere. Ticks are known vectors of Babesia spp …

Dermacentor reticulatus ticks are sporadically removed from human skin and therefore the
medical consequences of their feeding are neglected compared to Ixodes ricinus. We …