Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) is a popular technique in the field of Swarm Intelligence
(SI) that focuses on optimisation. Researchers have explored multiple algorithms and …

Facial expression is one of the profound nonverbal channels through which human emotion
state is communicated, its automation involves analysis and recognition of facial features …

In the way of communication, facial expression act as non-verbal communication and play
an important role in social interaction by providing some contextual information. Facial …

Data mining is known as the process of detection concerning patterns from essential
amounts of data. As a process of knowledge discovery. Classification is a data analysis that …

Monitoring drivers' emotions is the key aspect of designing advanced driver assistance
systems (ADAS) in intelligent vehicles. To ensure safety and track the possibility of vehicles' …

Facial expressions recognition (FER) is an important modality in the future assessing
teaching skill system (ATS). The fundamental difference with FER is in its low resolution …

Facial expression or mimic is one of the results of muscle motion on the face. In a large
Indonesian dictionary, the expression is a disclosure or process of declaring, ie showing or …

This paper presents an algorithm to identify digital illiterates by analyzing age and emotions
from facial recognition. In this paper, digital illiterates refer to people who struggle in using …

This paper presents a novel feature extraction technique called circular derivative local
binary pattern (CDLBP) for Facial Expression Recognition (FER). Motivated by uniform local …

The increased number of computers, enlarged network bandwidth, more powerful
computers, consumed resources and the acceptance of the Internet has driven the ongoing …