The progressive increase in lifespan over the past century carries with it some adversity
related to the accompanying burden of debilitating diseases prevalent in the older …

Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are interconnected. Although
AKI-to-CKD transition has been intensively studied, the information of AKI on CKD is very …

Background Excess visceral fat (VF) or high body mass index (BMI) is risk factors for severe
COVID-19. The receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) …

Initiation and progression of atherosclerosis depend on local inflammation and
accumulation of lipids in the vascular wall. Although many cells are involved in the …

Monocytes/macrophages are heterogeneous and versatile cells that could undergo their
phenotypically/functionally dynamic switch in response to the microenvironment signals …

Abstract Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)—a zinc-dependent dicarboxypeptidase with
two catalytic domains—plays a major part in blood pressure regulation by converting …

Microglia can transform into proinflammatory/classically activated (M1) or anti-inflammatory/
alternatively activated (M2) phenotypes following environmental signals related to …

The rapid growth of obesity worldwide has made it a major health problem, while the
dramatic increase in the prevalence of obesity has had a significant impact on the …

Abstract Purpose of Review Mechanisms facilitating progression of hypertension via cross
stimulation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and inflammation have been proposed …

Excess adiposity can induce adverse sequelae in multiple cell types and organ systems.
The transition from the lean to the obese state is characterized by fundamental cellular …