Many physical, social, and psychological changes occur during aging that raise the risk of
developing chronic diseases, frailty, and dependency. These changes adversely affect the …

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are an evolutionarily significant advantage bestowed
by mothers for facilitating the development of the infant's gut microbiota. They can avoid …

Background The mucosa serves as the first defence against pathogens and facilitates the
surveillance and elimination of symbiotic bacteria by mucosal immunity. Recently, the mRNA …

The role of gut microbiota in modulating the durability of COVID-19 vaccine immunity is yet
to be characterised. In this cohort study, we collected blood and stool samples of 121 …

Mounting evidence suggests that gut microbial composition and its metabolites, including
short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), have beneficial effects in regulating host immunogenicity to …

Based on the forefront of clinical research, there is a growing recognition that the gut
microbiota, which plays a pivotal role in shaping both the innate and adaptive immune …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination is crucial for
protecting vulnerable individuals, yet individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) often …

Antigen‐specific B and T cell responses play a critical role in vaccine‐mediated protection
against infectious diseases, but these responses are highly variable between individuals …

Vaccination has been shown to be the most effective means of preventing infectious
diseases, although older people commonly have a suboptimal immune response to …

Kidney transplant recipients are at an increased risk of hospitalisation and death from SARS-
CoV-2 infection, and standard two-dose vaccination schedules are typically inadequate to …