Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are key signalling molecules that enable cells to rapidly
respond to different stimuli. In plants, ROS play a crucial role in abiotic and biotic stress …

Protein kinases are major players in various signal transduction pathways. Understanding
the molecular mechanisms behind plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses has …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential for life and are involved in the regulation of
almost all biological processes. ROS production is critical for plant development, response …

Flavonoids are a special category of hydroxylated phenolic compounds having an aromatic
ring structure. Quercetin is aspecial subclass of flavonoid. It is a bioactive natural compound …

Climate change-induced abiotic stress results in crop yield and production losses. These
stresses result in changes at the physiological and molecular level that affect the …

Phytohormones (PHs) play crucial role in regulation of various physiological and
biochemical processes that govern plant growth and yield under optimal and stress …

Abstract Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a major reactive oxygen species in unicellular and
multicellular organisms, and is produced extracellularly in response to external stresses and …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are signaling molecules essential for plant responses to
abiotic and biotic stimuli as well as for multiple developmental processes. They are …

Heavy metals such as Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni, Co, Cd, Zn, Hg and arsenic are for long being
accumulated in soils through industrial waste and sewage disposal. Although some of these …

Salt stress is a major environmental factor limiting plant growth and productivity. A better
understanding of the mechanisms mediating salt resistance will help researchers design …