Active matter extracts energy from its surroundings at the single particle level and transforms
it into mechanical work. Examples include cytoskeleton biopolymers and bacterial …

This review summarizes theoretical progress in the field of active matter, placing it in the
context of recent experiments. This approach offers a unified framework for the mechanical …

Various types of structures self-organised by animals exist in nature, such as bird flocks and
insect swarms, which stem from the local communications of vast numbers of limited …

Single cardiomyocytes contain myofibrils that harbor the sarcomere-based contractile
machinery of the myocardium. Cardiomyocytes differentiated from human pluripotent stem …

Life is characterized by a myriad of complex dynamic processes allowing organisms to grow,
reproduce, and evolve. Physical approaches for describing systems out of thermodynamic …

We review theoretical models of individual motility as well as collective dynamics and
pattern formation of active particles. We focus on simple models of active dynamics with a …

We review the observations and the basic laws describing the essential aspects of collective
motion—being one of the most common and spectacular manifestation of coordinated …

Spontaneous collective motion, as in some flocks of bird and schools of fish, is an example
of an emergent phenomenon. Such phenomena are at present of great interest,,,, and …

Biological molecular motors (or biomolecular motors for short) are nature's solution to the
efficient conversion of chemical energy to mechanical movement. In biological systems …

Despite their overwhelming complexity, living cells display a high degree of internal
mechanical and functional organization which can largely be attributed to the intracellular …