The development of the mammary gland is unique: the final stages of development occur
postnatally at puberty under the influence of hormonal cues. Furthermore, during the life of …

Abstract Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) are now considered the primary" seeds" for the onset,
development, metastasis, and recurrence of tumors. Despite therapeutic breakthroughs …

Aging is closely associated with increased susceptibility to breast cancer, yet there have
been limited systematic studies of aging-induced alterations in the mammary gland. Here …

Intratumoral heterogeneity in cancers arises from genomic instability and epigenomic
plasticity and is associated with resistance to cytotoxic and targeted therapies. We show …

Mammary neoplasms are the most common neoplasm in female dogs. This article describes
the embryologic development, normal anatomy, and histology of the canine mammary gland …

This chapter considers the factors that are directly associated with the development of
mammary neoplasms in the dog and cat. The mammary glands are modified subcutaneous …

Although there have been several studies on the use of immunohistochemical biomarkers of
canine mammary tumors (CMTs), the results are difficult to compare. This article provides …

It is a commonly held belief that infiltration of immune cells into tumor tissues and direct
physical contact between tumor cells and infiltrated immune cells is associated with physical …

Human connective tissues are complex physiological microenvironments favorable for
optimal survival, function, growth, proliferation, differentiation, migration, and death of tissue …

Carrageenan (CGN) has been used as a safe food additive for several decades. Confusion
over nomenclature, basic CGN chemistry, type of CGN tested, interspecies biology, and …