The liver is an essential metabolic organ, and its metabolic activity is tightly controlled by
insulin and other metabolic hormones. Glucose is metabolized into pyruvate through …

Upon its secretion from pancreatic β-cells, insulin reaches the liver through the portal
circulation to exert its action and eventually undergo clearance in the hepatocytes. In …

The discovery of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) as a tumor marker for colorectal
cancer some 50 years ago became the first step in the identification of a much larger family …

Over 65% of people with obesity display the metabolic-associated fatty liver disease
(MAFLD), which can manifest as steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, or liver cancer. The …

Insulin action is impaired in type 2 diabetes. The functions of the hormone are an integrated
product of insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells and insulin clearance by receptor …

Fatty acid synthase (FAS) catalyzes the de novo synthesis of fatty acids. In the liver, FAS has
long been categorized as a housekeeping protein, producing fat for storage of energy when …

4. Dr. Gregory Kaltsas MD FRCP (Lon) is a Professor in General Medicine and
Endocrinology at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece. He was …

The metabolic syndrome affects more than a third of the US population, predisposing to the
development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The 2009 consensus statement …

The metabolic syndrome is a condition characterized by the co-existence of several major
risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD)–high blood pressure, hyperglycaemia, and …

Fatty acids are crucial molecules for most living beings, very well spread and conserved
across species. These molecules play a role in energy storage, cell membrane architecture …