The recommendations listed in this document are, whenever possible, evidence based. An
extensive review was conducted on literature published through November 2012, and other …

The global burden of rheumatic heart disease continues to be significant although it is
largely limited to poor and marginalized populations. In most endemic regions, affected …

The recommendations listed in this document are, whenever possible, evidence based. An
extensive review was conducted on literature published through March 1, 2020. Searches …

Aim This executive summary of the valvular heart disease guideline provides
recommendations for clinicians to diagnose and manage valvular heart disease as well as …

Background: In accordance with the 2007 American College of Cardiology and American
Heart Association infective endocarditis (IE) guideline update, antibiotic prophylaxis is now …

Serious infection is a recognized complication of intravenous drug abuse and a major cause
of morbidity and mortality among intravenous drug users. Trends in rates of serious infection …

Potential Biases Most studies of IE are affected by selection, survival, and referral bias. They
make it difficult to study the natural history of IE in the general population, because treated …

Aims To Assess changes in infective endocarditis (IE) epidemiology over the last 5 decades.
Methods and Results We searched the published literature using PubMed, MEDLINE, and …

Background We sought to provide a contemporary picture of the presentation, etiology, and
outcome of infective endocarditis (IE) in a large patient cohort from multiple locations …

The content of these European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Guidelines has been published
for personal and educational use only. No commercial use is authorized. No part of the ESC …