The NF-κB (nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) transcription factor
family is a pleiotropic regulator of many cellular signaling pathways, providing a mechanism …

A wide array of cell signaling mediators and their interactions play vital roles in
neuroinflammation associated with ischemia, brain trauma, developmental disorders and …

This paper is the 28th consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning
the endogenous opioid system, now spanning over a quarter-century of research. It …

The widespread use of combinational antiretroviral therapies (cART) in developed countries
has changed the course of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection from an almost …

Opioids, such as morphine, are the mainstay for the management of postsurgical pain. Over
the last decade there has been a dramatic increase in deaths related to opioid overdose …

HIV-1 infection predisposes the central nervous system to damage by opportunistic
infections and environmental insults. Such maladaptive plasticity may underlie the …

Synaptodendritic injury is thought to underlie HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders and
contributes to exaggerated inflammation and cognitive impairment seen in opioid abusers …

Increased production of proinflammatory cytokines has a prominent role in tolerance to
opioids. The objectives of this study were to examine whether μ‐opioid receptor affects …

Opiate abuse and HIV-1 have been described as interrelated epidemics, and even in the
advent of combined anti-retroviral therapy, the additional abuse of opiates appears to result …

Individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus-1 who abuse opiates can have a
higher incidence of virus-associated neuropathology. Human immunodeficiency virus does …