Protein phosphorylation is a crucial regulator of protein and cellular function, yet, despite
identifying an enormous number of phosphorylation sites, the role of most is still unclear …

The native chemical ligation reaction (NCL) involves reacting a C-terminal peptide thioester
with an N-terminal cysteinyl peptide to produce a native peptide bond between the two …

Protein semisynthesis—defined herein as the assembly of a protein from a combination of
synthetic and recombinant fragments—is a burgeoning field of chemical biology that has …

The broad utility of native chemical ligation (NCL) in protein synthesis has fostered a search
for methods that enable the efficient synthesis of C-terminal peptide-thioesters, key …

1. INTRODUCTION In eukaryotic cells, inheritable information is stored in a nucleoprotein
complex referred to as chromatin. 1 This genome architecture serves two key purposes. On …

ADP-ribosylation of nuclear proteins is a critical feature of various DNA damage repair
pathways. Histones, particularly H3 and H2B, are major targets of ADP-ribosylation and are …

We report evolved orthogonal pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase/tRNACUA pairs that direct the
efficient, site-specific incorporation of N ε-l-thiaprolyl-l-lysine, N ε-d-cysteinyl-l-lysine, and N ε …

Peptide thioesters play a key role in convergent protein synthesis strategies such as native
chemical ligation, traceless Staudinger ligation, and Ag+‐mediated thioester ligation. The …

Posttranslational modification (PTM) of histones plays a central role in genome regulation.
Engineering histones with defined PTMs on one residue or on multiple residues is crucial for …

Synthesis of H2B (97-125): The synthesis was carried out using Fmoc-SPPS on Rink amide
resin (0.2 mmol/g, 0.1 mmol scale). The peptide synthesis was performed on peptide …