Amino acids are fundamental building blocks supporting life. Their role in protein synthesis
is well defined, but they contribute to a host of other intracellular metabolic pathways …

ER-phagy (reticulophagy) defines the degradation of portions of the endoplasmic reticulum
(ER) within lysosomes or vacuoles. It is part of the self-digestion (ie, autophagic) programs …

Durable antibody immunity depends on long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs) that primarily reside
in the bone marrow (BM). However, due to LLPC rarity, it has not been possible to define …

A complete chart of cis-regulatory elements and their dynamic activity is necessary to
understand the transcriptional basis of differentiation and function of an organ system. We …

The advancements in technology and manufacturing processes have allowed the
development of new derivatives, biosimilar or advanced improved versions for approved …

Germinal center B cells (GCBCs) are critical for generating long-lived humoral immunity.
How GCBCs meet the energetic challenge of rapid proliferation is poorly understood …

The liver plays a critical role in both immune defense and tolerance in the body. The liver-
resident immune cells (LrICs) determine the immune properties, but the unique composition …

The cardiovascular system is subject to hyperlipidaemic, inflammatory, and pro-oxidant
stressors. Over time, these factors drive prevalent chronic diseases, of which atherosclerosis …

B cells secrete antibodies and mediate the humoral immune response, making them
extremely important in protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2, which caused the …

B cell activation and differentiation yields plasma cells with high affinity antibodies to a given
antigen in a time-frame that allows for host protection. Although the end product is most …