Planets form and obtain their compositions in disks of gas and dust around young stars. The
chemical compositions of these planet-forming disks regulate all aspects of planetary …

Planets form in disks of gas and dust around young stars. The disk molecular reservoirs and
their chemical evolution affect all aspects of planet formation, from the coagulation of dust …

Planets form and obtain their compositions in dust-and gas-rich disks around young stars,
and the outcome of this process is intimately linked to the disk chemical properties. The …

Of the over 150 different molecular species detected in the interstellar and circumstellar
media, approximately 50 contain 6 or more atoms. These molecules, labeled complex by …

Our Sun and planetary system were born about 4.5 billion years ago. How did this happen,
and what is the nature of our heritage from these early times? This review tries to address …

Flattened, rotating disks of cool dust and gas extending for tens to hundreds of astronomical
units are found around almost all low-mass stars shortly after their birth. These disks …

Aims. Photodissociation by UV light is an important destruction mechanism for carbon
monoxide (CO) in many astrophysical environments, ranging from interstellar clouds to …

The disks that surround young stars are mostly composed of molecular gas, which is harder
to detect and interpret than the accompanying dust. Disk mass measurements have …

The concentric gaps and rings commonly observed in protoplanetary disks in millimeter
continuum emission have lent the impression that planet formation generally proceeds …

Context. Emission lines from protoplanetary disks originate mainly in the irradiated surface
layers, where the gas is generally warmer than the dust. Therefore, interpreting emission …