The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling
pathway was discovered more than a quarter-century ago. As a fulcrum of many vital cellular …

Skin barrier dysfunction, a defining feature of atopic dermatitis (AD), arises from multiple
interacting systems. In AD, skin inflammation is caused by host–environment interactions …

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an eczematous, pruritic skin disorder with extensive barrier
dysfunction and elevated interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 signatures. The barrier dysfunction …

Cytokines are among the most important effector and messenger molecules in the immune
system. They profoundly participate in immune responses during infection and inflammation …

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease. Genetic
predisposition, epidermal barrier disruption, and dysregulation of the immune system are …

Background Dupilumab is an IL-4 receptor α mAb inhibiting signaling of IL-4 and IL-13, key
drivers of type 2–driven inflammation, as demonstrated by its efficacy in patients with …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in countless
infections and caused millions of deaths since its emergence in 2019. Coronavirus disease …

Upon antigenic stimulation, naïve CD4+ T cells differentiate into different subsets and
secrete various cytokines to exert biological effects. Th22 cells, a newly identified CD4+ T …

Objective To discuss the efficacy and safety of novel and emerging topical and systemic
therapeutic agents for atopic dermatitis (AD). Data Sources The review of the published …

Psoriasis is the result of uncontrolled keratinocyte proliferation, and its pathogenesis
involves the dysregulation of the immune system. The interplay among cytokines released …