Graphene-based materials exhibit remarkable electronic, optical, and mechanical
properties, which has resulted in both high scientific interest and huge potential for a variety …

We present the science and technology roadmap for graphene, related two-dimensional
crystals, and hybrid systems, targeting an evolution in technology, that might lead to impacts …

Raman spectroscopy is an integral part of graphene research. It is used to determine the
number and orientation of layers, the quality and types of edge, and the effects of …

Confocal Raman spectroscopy has emerged as a major, versatile workhorse for the non-
invasive characterization of graphene. Although it is successfully used to determine the …

This review on graphene, a one-atom thick, two-dimensional sheet of carbon atoms, starts
with a general description of the graphene electronic structure as well as a basic …

The basic aspects of electrons in graphene (two-dimensional graphite) exposed to a strong
perpendicular magnetic field are reviewed. One of its most salient features is the relativistic …

Spectroscopic studies of electronic phenomena in graphene are reviewed. A variety of
methods and techniques are surveyed, from quasiparticle spectroscopies (tunneling …

Electronic properties of two-dimensional allotropes of carbon, such as graphene and its
bilayer, multi-layer epitaxial graphene, few-layer Bernal-stacked graphene, as well as of …

“Magneto-optical” effect refers to a rotation of polarization plane, which has been widely
studied in traditional ferromagnetic metal and insulator films and scarcely in two …

Graphene has been attracting growing attentions in physics, chemistry, and device
applications after the discovery of micromechanically cleaved graphene sheet by A. Geim …