Bidirectional crosstalk along the gut-liver axis controls gastrointestinal health and disease
and exploits environmental and host mediators. Nutrients, microbial antigens, metabolites …

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1)
exhibit incretin activity, meaning that they potentiate glucose-dependent insulin secretion …

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a health problem worldwide, and elevated cholesterol
levels are a key risk factor for the disease. Dysbiotic gut microbiota has been shown to be …

Consumption of dietary lipids, such as cholesterol, modulates the gut microbiome with
consequences for host health through the production of microbiome-derived metabolites …

In 1995, the nuclear hormone orphan receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR, NR1H4) was
identified as a farnesol receptor expressed mainly in liver, kidney, and adrenal gland of rats …

The interaction between the metabolic activities of the intestinal microbiome and its host
forms an important part of health. The basis of this interaction is in part mediated by the …

The efficacy of drugs widely varies in individuals, and the gut microbiota plays an important
role in this variability. The commensal microbiota living in the human gut encodes several …

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), one of the fastest growing metabolic diseases, has been
characterized by metabolic disorders including hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and insulin …

The gut microbiome produces chemically diverse small molecules to interact with the host,
conveying signals from the gut to the whole system. The microbial metabolites feature …

Physiologically, the intestinal barrier plays a crucial role in homeostasis and nutrient
absorption and prevents pathogenic entry, harmful metabolites, and endotoxin absorption …