We have reviewed the literature and have identified more than 100 diseases or conditions
that are associated with raised concentrations of plasma total homocysteine. The …

Homocysteine (Hcy) is a sulfur-containing non-proteinogenic amino acid derived in
methionine metabolism. The increased level of Hcy in plasma, hyperhomocysteinemia, is …

Importance Uncertainty remains about the efficacy of folic acid therapy for the primary
prevention of stroke because of limited and inconsistent data. Objective To test the primary …

This report on vitamin B-12 (B12) is part of the Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development
(BOND) Project, which provides state-of-the art information and advice on the selection, use …

Background Elevated blood pressure and elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol
increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Lowering both should reduce the risk of …

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a chronic disorder developing insidiously
throughout life and usually progressing to an advanced stage by the time symptoms occur. It …

Abstract The Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development (BOND) project is designed to provide
evidence-based advice to anyone with an interest in the role of nutrition in health …

This article summarizes the new 2011 report on dietary requirements for calcium and vitamin
D from the Institute of Medicine (IOM). An IOM Committee charged with determining the …

Background Dietary supplements are used by more than half of adults, although to our
knowledge, the reasons motivating use have not been previously examined in US adults …

Over the past decade, scientists, healthcare providers, the public, and policy makers have
made substantial efforts to improve understanding of the sex/gender* differences in …