Origins and evolution of CRISPR-Cas systems

EV Koonin, KS Makarova - Philosophical Transactions of …, 2019 - royalsocietypublishing.org
CRISPR-Cas, the bacterial and archaeal adaptive immunity systems, encompass a complex
machinery that integrates fragments of foreign nucleic acids, mostly from mobile genetic …

History of CRISPR-Cas from encounter with a mysterious repeated sequence to genome editing technology

Y Ishino, M Krupovic, P Forterre - Journal of bacteriology, 2018 - Am Soc Microbiol
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-Cas systems are well-
known acquired immunity systems that are widespread in archaea and bacteria. The RNA …

Diversity and evolution of class 2 CRISPR–Cas systems

S Shmakov, A Smargon, D Scott, D Cox… - Nature reviews …, 2017 - nature.com
Class 2 CRISPR–Cas systems are characterized by effector modules that consist of a single
multidomain protein, such as Cas9 or Cpf1. We designed a computational pipeline for the …

CRISPR-Cas9 system: A new-fangled dawn in gene editing

D Gupta, O Bhattacharjee, D Mandal, MK Sen, D Dey… - Life sciences, 2019 - Elsevier
Till date, only three techniques namely Zinc Finger Nuclease (ZFN), Transcription-Activator
Like Effector Nucleases (TALEN) and Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic …

An updated evolutionary classification of CRISPR–Cas systems

KS Makarova, YI Wolf, OS Alkhnbashi… - Nature reviews …, 2015 - nature.com
The evolution of CRISPR–cas loci, which encode adaptive immune systems in archaea and
bacteria, involves rapid changes, in particular numerous rearrangements of the locus …

RNA-targeting CRISPR–Cas systems

SPB van Beljouw, J Sanders… - Nature Reviews …, 2023 - nature.com
CRISPR–Cas is a widespread adaptive immune system in bacteria and archaea that
protects against viral infection by targeting specific invading nucleic acid sequences …

Diverse evolutionary roots and mechanistic variations of the CRISPR-Cas systems

P Mohanraju, KS Makarova, B Zetsche, F Zhang… - Science, 2016 - science.org
BACKGROUND Prokaryotes have evolved multiple systems to combat invaders such as
viruses and plasmids. Examples of such defense systems include receptor masking …

The new frontier of genome engineering with CRISPR-Cas9

JA Doudna, E Charpentier - Science, 2014 - science.org
Background Technologies for making and manipulating DNA have enabled advances in
biology ever since the discovery of the DNA double helix. But introducing site-specific …

Molecular mechanisms of CRISPR-Cas immunity in bacteria

PM Nussenzweig, LA Marraffini - Annual review of genetics, 2020 - annualreviews.org
Prokaryotes have developed numerous defense strategies to combat the constant threat
posed by the diverse genetic parasites that endanger them. Clustered regularly interspaced …

Mass spectrometry-based protein footprinting for higher-order structure analysis: fundamentals and applications

XR Liu, MM Zhang, ML Gross - Chemical reviews, 2020 - ACS Publications
Proteins adopt different higher-order structures (HOS) to enable their unique biological
functions. Understanding the complexities of protein higher-order structures and dynamics …