Since the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there have been
a few variants of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), one of …

Disturbed cholesterol homeostasis plays critical roles in the development of multiple
diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD), neurodegenerative diseases and …

High levels of cholesterol are generally considered to be associated with atherosclerosis. In
the past two decades, however, a number of studies have shown that excess cholesterol …

Severe COVID‐19 is characterized by lung abnormalities, including the presence of
syncytial pneumocytes. Syncytia form when SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein expressed on the …

Syncytia are formed when individual cells fuse. SARS-CoV-2 induces syncytia when the
viral spike (S) protein on the surface of an infected cell interacts with receptors on …

Since its appearance, the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2),
the causal agent of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), represents a global problem for …

The ability of a virus to spread between individuals, its replication capacity and the clinical
course of the infection are macroscopic consequences of a multifaceted molecular …

The innate immune system serves as the first line of defense against invading pathogens;
however, dysregulated innate immune responses can induce aberrant inflammation that is …

There are at least 21 families of enveloped viruses that infect mammals, and many contain
members of high concern for global human health. All enveloped viruses have a dedicated …

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) is a respiratory infection caused by severe
acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) originating in Wuhan, China in …