Studies of biological soil crusts (biocrusts) have proliferated over the last few decades. The
biocrust literature has broadened, with more studies assessing and describing the function …

Multiphase chemistry plays a vital role in the Earth system, climate, and health. Chemical
reactions, mass transport, and phase transitions between gases, liquids, and solids are …

A significant proportion of the Earth's surface is desert or in the process of desertification.
The extreme environmental conditions that characterize these areas result in a surface that …

Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) cover about 12% of the Earth's land masses, thereby
providing ecosystem services and affecting biogeochemical fluxes on a global scale. They …

In the mid-20th century, the unicellular and genetically tractable green alga
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was first developed as a model organism to elucidate …

The monophyletic group of embryophytes (land plants) stands out among photosynthetic
eukaryotes: they are the sole constituents of the macroscopic flora on land. In their entirety …

Cyanobacterial soil crusts are a community of microorganisms living in the soil surface of
different habitats worldwide. Through photosynthesis, cyanobacteria produce extracellular …

Reactive nitrogen species have a strong influence on atmospheric chemistry and climate,
tightly coupling the Earth's nitrogen cycle with microbial activity in the biosphere. Their …

The complex interactions between biocrust properties and rainfall characteristics give rise to
partitioning of infiltration and runoff. In this review we examine primary mechanisms for …

Produced water (PW), the largest waste stream generated in oil and gas industries, has the
potential to be a harmless product rather than being a waste. Biological processes using …