According to the Hebb rule, the change in the strength of a synapse depends only on the
local interaction of presynaptic and postsynaptic events. Studies at many types of synapses …

Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have shown that temperament is strongly
influenced by more than 700 genes that modulate associative conditioning by molecular …

People find it easier to learn about topics that interest them, but little is known about the
mechanisms by which intrinsic motivational states affect learning. We used functional …

Context In alcohol-dependent patients, brain atrophy and functional brain activation elicited
by alcohol-associated stimuli may predict relapse. However, to date, the interaction between …

Motivational relevance can prioritize information for memory encoding and consolidation
based on reward value. In this review, we pinpoint the possible psychological and neural …

Rewards have been examined extensively by both psychologists and neuorscientists and
have become one of the most contentious issues in social and educational psychology. In …

Background Evidence accumulates that the neuropeptide oxytocin plays an important role in
mediating social interaction among humans and that a dysfunction in oxytocin-modulated …

Experimental studies of learning suggest that human temperament may depend on the
molecular mechanisms for associative conditioning, which are highly conserved in animals …

Studies in humans and animals show that dopaminergic neuromodulation originating from
the substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area (SN/VTA) of the midbrain enhances …

Recent genomic, psychological, and developmental research shows that human personality
is organized as a complex hierarchy that ascends from individual traits in many specific …