Mitochondria are the key organelles involved in energy and redox homeostasis, cellular
signaling, and survival. Animal mitochondria are exquisitely sensitive to environmental …

Marine bivalves, which include many species worldwide, from intertidal zones to
hydrothermal vents and cold seeps, are important components of the ecosystem and …

Cadmium (Cd) contamination in marine environment poses great risks to the organisms due
to its potential adverse effects. In the present study, the toxicological effects and mechanisms …

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) are naturally produced in all cells
and organisms. Modifications of standard conditions alter reactive species generation and …

Intertidal bivalves are commonly exposed to multiple stressors including periodic hypoxia,
temperature fluctuations and pollution, which can strongly affect energy metabolism. We …

Background Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is responsible for synthesizing nitric oxide (NO)
from L-arginine, and involved in multiple physiological functions. However, its …

Marine organisms are exposed to periodical oxygen deficiency and pollution stress in
estuarine and coastal zones which may strongly affect their performance and survival. We …

Fucoidan is sulfated polysaccharide extracted from seaweed brown algae. This study was
designed to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects and disease resistance of dietary …

Hypoxia is common in marine environments and a major stressor for marine organisms
inhabiting benthic and intertidal zones. Several studies have explored the responses of …

Oxygen homeostasis is crucial for development, survival and normal function of all
metazoans. A family of transcription factors called hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) is critical in …