The human cytochrome P450 (CYP) superfamily comprises 57 genes. These genes code for
enzymes that can have a role in: metabolism of drugs, foreign chemicals, arachidonic acid …

The mammalian CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP1B1 genes (encoding cytochromes P450 1A1,
1A2, and 1B1, respectively) are regulated by the aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). The …

Some cytochrome P450 (CYP) heme-thiolate enzymes participate in the detoxication and,
paradoxically, the formation of reactive intermediates of thousands of chemicals that can …

The Ah receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that mediates a pleiotropic
response to environmental contaminants such as benzo [a] pyrene and 2, 3, 7, 8 …

Drug discovery and development involve the utilization of in vitro and in vivo experimental
models. Different models, ranging from test tube experiments to cell cultures, animals …

Organisms encounter a wide range of foreign compounds—or 'xenobiotics'—with potentially
harmful consequences. The cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes metabolize xenobiotics and …

Members of the nuclear-receptor superfamily mediate crucial physiological functions by
regulating the synthesis of their target genes. Nuclear receptors are usually activated by …

It is well recognized that most medications exhibit wide interpatient variability in their efficacy
and toxicity. For many medications, these interindividual differences are due in part to …

Human CYP1A2 is one of the major CYPs in human liver and metabolizes a number of
clinical drugs (eg, clozapine, tacrine, tizanidine, and theophylline; n> 110), a number of …

Indole is a product of tryptophan catabolism by gut bacteria and is absorbed into the body in
substantial amounts. The compound is known to be oxidized to indoxyl and excreted in urine …