Glucocorticoids are hormones that mediate the energetic demands that accompany
environmental challenges. It is therefore not surprising that these metabolic hormones have …

Many studies have identified various host behavioural and ecological traits that are
associated with parasite infection, including host gregariousness. By use of meta-analyses …

Based on field studies spanning nearly 40 years, this reference book summarizes and
integrates past research with new and previously unpublished information on the behavioral …

Group size is an important trait of social animals, affecting how individuals allocate time and
use space, and influencing both an individual's fitness and the collective, cooperative …

Living in a large social group is thought to increase disease risk in wild animal populations,
but comparative studies have provided mixed support for this prediction. Here, we take a …

Parasites, by definition, have a negative effect on their host. However, in wild mammal
health and conservation research, sub‐lethal infections are commonly assumed to have …

Energy is a variable of key importance to a wide range of research in primate behavioral
ecology, life history, and conservation. However, obtaining detailed data on variation in …

Group size is a fundamental component of sociality, and has important consequences for an
individual's fitness as well as the collective and cooperative behaviours of the group as a …

The extent to which organisms can protect themselves from disease depends on both the
immune defenses they maintain and the pathogens they face. At the same time, immune …

Despite strong links between sociality and fitness that ultimately affect the size of animal
populations, the particular social and ecological factors that lead to endangerment are not …