There is large uncertainty about the magnitude of warming and how rainfall patterns will
change in response to any given scenario of future changes in atmospheric composition and …

The last 6000years are of particular interest to the understanding of the Earth System
because the boundary conditions of the climate system did not change dramatically (in …

The latitudinal temperature gradient between the Equator and the poles influences
atmospheric stability, the strength of the jet stream and extratropical cyclones,–. Recent …

• The sustained rate of increase over the past century in the combined radiative forcing from
the three well-mixed greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous …

In the Mediterranean there is often no clear time gap separating an early-Holocene period of
nature-dominated environmental change from a human-dominated late-Holocene one. This …

On the basis of a multi-proxy approach and a strategy combining lacustrine and marine
records along a north–south transect, data collected in the central Mediterranean within the …

The usefulness of species distribution models (SDMs) in predicting impacts of climate
change on biodiversity is difficult to assess because changes in species ranges may take …

Orbital forcing of the climate system is clearly shown in the Earths record of glacial–
interglacial cycles, but the mechanism underlying this forcing is poorly understood …

Summary 1 We investigated the potential drivers of Holocene vegetation changes recorded
at four Scandinavian pollen sites, two in Sweden and two in Finland, at a time when they …

The understanding of climate and climate change is fundamentally concerned with two
things: a well-defined and sufficiently complete climate record to be explained, for example …