Fundamental work on the mechanisms leading to focal epileptic discharges in mesial
temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) often rests on the use of rodent models in which an initial …

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic and complex system which separates the brain
from the blood. It helps to maintain the homeostasis of the brain, which is essential for …

Objective The objective of this study was to investigate inflammation using cerebrospinal
fluid (CSF) and serum cytokines/chemokines in patients with new‐onset refractory status …

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is located within a unique anatomic interface and has
functional ramifications to most of the brain and blood cells. In the past, the BBB was …

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is frequently associated with hippocampal sclerosis, possibly
caused by a primary brain injury that occurred a long time before the appearance of …

Objective To characterize the changes in microglial proinflammatory M1 and
antiinflammatory M2 marker expression during epileptogenesis in the chronic pilocarpine …

The term neurovascular unit (NVU) describes the structural and functional liaison between
specialized brain endothelium, glial and mural cells, and neurons. Within the NVU, the blood …

Although the mechanisms underlying the anti-seizure effects of the high-fat ketogenic diet
(KD) remain unclear, a long-standing question has been whether ketone bodies (ie, β …

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a fundamental component of the central nervous system
(CNS). Its functional and structural integrity is vital to maintain the homeostasis of the brain …

Objective Because brain inflammation may contribute to the pathophysiology of temporal
lobe epilepsy (TLE), we investigated the expression of various inflammatory markers of the …