Motivational processes are complex and multifaceted, with both directional and activational
aspects. Behavioral activation and exertion of effort are functions that enable organisms to …

Background: Studies investigating the impact of a variety of inflammatory stimuli on the brain
and behavior have reported evidence that inflammation and release of inflammatory …

Depression is associated with alterations in corticostriatal reward circuitry. One
pathophysiological pathway that may drive these changes is inflammation. Biomarkers of …

Profound and debilitating fatigue is the most common complaint reported among individuals
with autoimmune disease, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, type 1 …

Motivational and motor deficits are common in patients with depression and other psychiatric
disorders, and are related to symptoms of anhedonia and motor retardation. These deficits in …

Motivation has been defined as the process that allows organisms to regulate their internal
and external environment, and control the probability, proximity and availability of stimuli. As …

A markedly reduced interest or pleasure in activities previously considered pleasurable is a
main symptom in mood disorder and psychosis and is often present in other psychiatric …

The exact nature and pathophysiology of fatigue remain largely elusive despite its high
prevalence in physically ill patients. Studies on the relationship between the immune system …

Chronic or persistent fatigue is a common, debilitating symptom of several diseases.
Persistent fatigue has been associated with low-grade inflammation in several models of …

Anhedonia, as evidenced by impaired pleasurable response to reward, reduced reward
motivation, and/or deficits in reward-related learning, is a common feature of depression …