IgG4 is the least abundant subclass of IgG in human serum and has unique functional
features. IgG4 is largely unable to activate antibody-dependent immune effector responses …

Of the five immunoglobulin isotypes, immunoglobulin G (IgG) is most abundant in human
serum. The four subclasses, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4, which are highly conserved, differ …

BACKGROUND: IL-10–producing regulatory B cells suppress immune responses, and lack
of these cells leads to exacerbated symptoms in mouse models of chronic inflammation …

Helminth parasites infect almost one-third of the world's population, primarily in tropical
regions. However, regions where helminth parasites are endemic record much lower …

Allergic rhinitis is a symptomatic disorder of the nose induced after allergen exposure by an
immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated inflammation of the membranes lining the nose (1). It was …

Immune regulation by parasites is a global concept that includes suppression, diversion,
and conversion of the host immune response to the benefit of the pathogen. While many …

Summary Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) antibodies have been known for some time to be
functionally monovalent. Recently, the structural basis for this monovalency has been …

Helminth parasites are highly prevalent in human communities in developing countries. In
an endemic area an infected individual may harbour parasitic worms for most of his or her …

The profile of global health today presents a striking reciprocal distribution between parasitic
diseases in many of the world's lower-income countries, and ever-increasing levels of …

The pathophysiology of immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) and its most
common manifestations, IgG4-associated (sclerosing) cholangitis and autoimmune …