The height obtained through the GNSS method is the ellipsoidal height and to have an
efficient application in surveying it has to be converted into orthometric height. This paper …

This study aims at evaluating the global geoid model for a regional shoreline fitting using
advanced soft computing techniques and global navigation satellite system/leveling …

The geodetic datum transformation in-between local and global systems seen in the world
are inspiring for the engineering applications. In this context, the Egyptian geodetic network …

The performance of the gravimetric geoid models is usually evaluated by comparison of
geoid heights with the GNSS/levelling derived geoid. But the GNSS/levelling network can be …

Singular spectrum analysis (SSA) has recently been applied to various geodetic time series
studies. As a data-adaptive method, SSA is capable of extracting signals with non-constant …

Leveling is a traditional geodetic surveying technique that has been used to realize a
vertical datum. However, this technique is time consuming and prone to accumulate errors …

Smooth surface approximation plays an important role in many applications. As an
extension of the 2D bi-cubic spline interpolation, we propose the least squares 2D bi-cubic …

High precision geoid determination is a challenging task at the national scale. Many efforts
have been conducted to determine precise geoid, locally or globally. Geoid models have …

The accurate determination of deflections of the vertical is a complex scientific task that can
be time-consuming and expensive. On occasion, good approximations are required for …

The development of global geoid models became feasible following the launch of
specialised satellite missions. Today, the root mean square deviation of the heights in global …