The Earth as a planetary system has experienced significant change since its formation c.
4.54 Gyr ago. Some of these changes have been gradual, such as secular cooling of the …

Rocky planets are common around other stars, but their atmospheric properties remain
largely unconstrained. Thanks to a wealth of recent planet discoveries and upcoming …

Abstract The Deep Atmosphere Venus Investigation of Noble gases, Chemistry, and Imaging
(DAVINCI) mission described herein has been selected for flight to Venus as part of the …

Earth has had oceans for nearly four billion years and Mars had lakes and rivers 3.5–3.8
billion years ago. However, it is still unknown whether water has ever condensed on the …

The origin of Earth's water remains unknown. Enstatite chondrite (EC) meteorites have
similar isotopic composition to terrestrial rocks and thus may be representative of the …

We show that terrestrial planets in the habitable zones of M dwarfs older than∼ 1 Gyr could
have been in runaway greenhouses for several hundred million years following their …

We describe how environmental context can help determine whether oxygen (O2) detected
in extrasolar planetary observations is more likely to have a biological source. Here we …

The Hadean eon, following the global-scale melting of the mantle,–, is expected to be a
dynamic period, during which Earth experienced vastly different conditions. Geologic …

One popular view of Venus' climate history describes a world that has spent much of its life
with surface liquid water, plate tectonics, and a stable temperate climate. Part of the basis for …

We demonstrate that the deep volatile storage capacity of magma oceans has significant
implications for the bulk composition, interior, and climate state inferred from exoplanet mass …