Aerosols interact with radiation and clouds. Substantial progress made over the past 40
years in observing, understanding, and modeling these processes helped quantify the …

Agricultural lands occupy 37% of the earth's land surface. Agriculture accounts for 52 and
84% of global anthropogenic methane and nitrous oxide emissions. Agricultural soils may …

Aerosols counteract part of the warming effects of greenhouse gases, mostly by increasing
the amount of sunlight reflected back to space. However, the ways in which aerosols affect …

Aerosols affect the climate system by changing cloud characteristics in many ways. They act
as cloud condensation and ice nuclei, they may inhibit freezing and they could have an …

The Earth's climate is determined by a number of complex connected physical, chemical and
biological processes occurring in the atmosphere, land and ocean. The radiative properties …

While stabilization of CO2 would require a 60-80% reduction in current anthropogenic CO2
emissions, worldwide they actually increased by 2% from 2001 to 2002, a trend, which …

Comprehensive global climate models are the only tools that account for the complex set of
processes which will determine future climate change at both a global and regional level …

Evidence of the effect of external influences on the climate system has continued to
accumulate since the Third Assessment Report (TAR). The evidence now available is …

Carbonaceous aerosols affect the radiative balance of the Earth by absorbing and scattering
light. While black carbon (BC) is highly absorbing, some organic carbon (OC) also has …

Aerosols affect the Earth's energy budget directly by scattering and absorbing radiation and
indirectly by acting as cloud condensation nuclei and, thereby, affecting cloud properties …