BACKGROUND In the Anthropocene, there is a need to better understand the catastrophic
effects that climate and land-use change may have on ecosystems, Earth system …

How populations distribute in both space and time is one of the key issues in ecological
systems, which can characterize the relationship between populations, space–time structure …

Self-organized complexity at multiple spatial scales is a distinctive characteristic of biological
systems. Yet, little is known about how different self-organizing processes operating at …

Intertidal mussels can self-organize into periodic spot, stripe, labyrinth, and gap patterns
ranging from centimeter to meter scales. The leading mathematical explanations for these …

In this paper, we consider a time fractional-order derivative for a diffusive mussel–algae
model. The existence of pattern formation was the subject of interest of many previous …

Spatial self-organization of ecosystems into large-scale (from micron to meters) patterns is
an important phenomenon in ecology, enabling organisms to cope with harsh environmental …

For water-limited arid ecosystems, where water distribution and infiltration play a vital role,
various models have been set up to explain vegetation patterning. On sloped terrains …

In this study, we investigated the emergence of spatial self-organized patterns on intertidal
flats, resulting from the interaction between biological and geomorphological processes …

Complexity has radically changed human understanding of the world environment and
continues challenging our best scientific theories. In a rapidly changing research landscape …

Empirical studies indicate that many populations of herbivorous insects exhibit periodic
outbreaks, but the intrinsic causes of this behavior are not well understood. Thus, in this …