Recent years have seen increased interest in phylogenetic comparative analyses of
multivariate data sets, but to date the varied proposed approaches have not been …

Evolutionary biology is multivariate, and advances in phylogenetic comparative methods for
multivariate phenotypes have surged to accommodate this fact. Evolutionary trends in …

Advances in imaging technologies, such as computed tomography (CT) and surface
scanning, have facilitated the rapid generation of large datasets of high-resolution three …

Phylogenetic regression is frequently used in macroevolutionary studies, and its statistical
properties have been thoroughly investigated. By contrast, phylogenetic ANOVA has …

For centuries, biologists have been captivated by the vast disparity in species richness
between different groups of organisms. Variation in diversity is widely attributed to …

Abstract Background Caecilians (Gymnophiona) are the least speciose extant lissamphibian
order, yet living forms capture approximately 250 million years of evolution since their …

Evolvability is best addressed from a multi-level, macroevolutionary perspective through a
comparative approach that tests for among-clade differences in phenotypic diversification in …

The number of published studies using geometric morphometrics (GM) for analysing
biological shape has increased steadily since the beginning of the 1990s, covering multiple …

Evolutionary adaptation to novel, specialized modes of life is often associated with a close
mapping of form to the new function, resulting in narrow morphological disparity. For bivalve …

The mammalian order Carnivora is characterized by a broad taxonomic and ecological
diversity. By using a large sample of extant species, we tested the impact of ecological …