Stroke remains a major cause of long-term disability and mortality worldwide. The immune
system plays an important role in determining the condition of the brain following stroke. As …

Ischemic stroke (IS) is one of the major types of cerebrovascular diseases causing
neurological morbidity and mortality worldwide. In the pathophysiological process of IS …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease, resulting in the
loss of cognitive ability and memory. However, there is no specific treatment to …

Neuroinflammation has been implicated in the initiation and progression of several central
nervous system (CNS) disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease …

Hypoxia is a central pathophysiological component in cancer, myocardial infarction and
ischemic stroke, which represent the most common medical conditions resulting in long-term …

Following ischemic stroke, brain‐resident activated microglia and peripherally infiltrated
inflammatory cells create a complicated and overactivated brain immune microenvironment …

Stroke is a leading cause of death and long-term disability worldwide. Astrocytes structurally
compose tripartite synapses, blood–brain barrier, and the neurovascular unit and perform …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) obtained from endothelial cells (ECs) have significant
therapeutic potential in the clinical management of individuals with ischemic stroke (IS) …

Central nervous system (CNS) trauma activates a persistent repair response that leads to
fibrotic scar formation within the lesion. This scarring is similar to other organ fibrosis in …

The accumulation of abnormal aggregation of amyloid-β plaques is one of the most
distinguishing pathologies of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is highly toxic to neurons …